Ultrasonido en tumores óseos como hallazgo inesperado: elementos de sospecha y caracterización / Bone tumor lesions: suspected elements and initial characterization of soft tissue in ultrasound

Introduction. The swelling of the soft tissues can be studied with a variety of techniques, amongst which the emphasis is on high resolution ultrasound (US) for its high availability. Bone tumors are a very rare cause of increased volume in soft tissue. Before the ultrasound finding of a bone tumor it is important to try to specify their nature to determine the need for additional studies. Objective. To present an ultrasound schema that allows for a better diagnostic approach to the unusual finding of a bone tumor. Method. Retrospective study. All soft tissue ultrasound performed at our institution over a period of five years (2009-2013), were reviewed...

Introducción. El aumento de volumen de las partes blandas puede ser estudiado con una variedad de técnicas, entre ellas destaca el ultrasonido de alta resolución (US) por su alta disponibilidad. Los tumores óseos son una causa muy infrecuente de aumento de volumen de partes blandas. Ante el hallazgo ecográfico de una tumoración ósea es importante intentar especificar su naturaleza para determinar la necesidad de estudios complementarios. Objetivo. Presentar un esquema ecográfico que permita una mejor aproximación diagnóstica ante el hallazgo inusual de un tumor óseo. Método. Estudio retrospectivo. Se revisaron todos los US de partes blandas realizados en nuestra institución por un periodo de 5 años (2009-2013)...

RM de encéfalo sin anestesia en pacientes recién nacidos: experiencia inicial en Clínica Alemana de Santiago / Cerebral mri performed without anesthesia in newborn (neonatal) patients. initial experience in Clinica Alemana of Santiago

Given that hypothermia cases have occurred in newborns after MRI with anesthesia and reproducing what was observed in centers visited overseas, we implemented a supervised protocol to evaluate the results of cerebral MRI performed without anesthesia or sedation in patients hospitalized in our institution. Objective: To display results of the protocol for performing cerebral MRI without anesthesia in our newborn patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective study, we evaluated cerebral MRI performed on newborns from september 2012 - july 2013. Protocol for performing MRI without anesthesia was applied in institutionalized patients. Variables are compared with MRI performed using anesthesia, during this period. Results: 22 cerebral MRI were performed, 14 without anesthesia. The duration of the study without anesthesia was 48 minutes on average, obtaining adequate images in 13 studies, reprogramming the examination with anesthesia in one case. Conclusions: The protocol implemented allows the acquisition of diagnostic-quality cerebral MRI, obviating the anesthesia.

Dado casos de hipotermia en recién nacidos (RN) posterior a resonancia magnética (RM) con anestesia y reproduciendo lo observado en centros extranjeros visitados, implementamos protocolo supervisado para evaluar los resultados de RM encefálicas realizadas sin anestesia o sedación en pacientes hospitalizados en nuestra institución. Objetivo: Mostrar resultados del protocolo para realización de RM encefálica sin anestesia en nuestros pacientes RN. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, evaluamos RM encefálicas realizadas en RN entre septiembre 2012 - julio 2013. Se aplicó protocolo para realización de RM sin anestesia en pacientes institucionalizados. Se comparan variables con RM realizadas con anestesia en ese periodo. Resultados: Se realizaron 22 RM encefálicas, 14 sin anestesia. La duración del estudio sin anestesia fue de 48 minutos promedio, obteniendo imágenes adecuadas en 13 estudios, reprogramando el examen con anestesia en un caso. Conclusiones: el protocolo implementado permite obtener RM encefálicas de calidad diagnóstica, obviando la anestesia.

[Moyamoya disease in a girl with Down syndrome. Report of one case]. / Síndrome moyamoya en paciente con síndrome de Down y déficit de antitrombina III.

Moyamoya disease is a unique chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the arteries around the circle of Willis with prominent arterial collateral circulation. It can be primary or secondary to genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome. We report a seven year-old girl with a Down syndrome that presented with a disturbance of consciousness, seizures and a right hemiparesia at the age of five. Magnetic resonance imaging showed old cortical ischemic lesions in both cerebral hemispheres and a recent infarction in the territory of the left middle cerebral artery. Brain angiography showed a proximal stenosis of both medial cerebral arteries and a net of collateral vessels, consistent with the diagnosis of moyamoya syndrome. The patient had also an antithrombin III deficiency. Aspirin was indicated and a surgical correction was recommended. However, prior to the procedure, the patient had a new infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery, which caused a severe disability.

Síndrome moyamoya en paciente con síndrome de Down y déficit de antitrombina III / Moyamoya disease in a girl with Down syndrome. Report of one case

Moyamoya disease is a unique chronic progressive cerebrovascular disease characterized by bilateral stenosis or occlusion of the arteries around the circle of Willis with prominent arterial collateral circulation. It can be primary or secondary to genetic syndromes such as Down syndrome. We report a seven year-old girl with a Down syndrome that presented with a disturbance of consciousness, seizures and a right hemiparesia at the age of five. Magnetic resonance imaging showed old cortical ischemic lesions in both cerebral hemispheres and a recent infarction in the territory of the ¡eft middle cerebral artery. Brain angiography showed a proximal stenosis of both medial cerebral arteries and a net of collateral vessels, consistent with the diagnosis of moyamoya syndrome. The patient had also an antithrombin III deficiency. Aspirin was indicated and a surgical correction was recommended. However, prior to the procedure, the patient had a new infarction in the territory of the right middle cerebral artery, which caused a severe disability.

Compromiso de la función pulmonar en pacientes con fíbrosis pulmonar idiopática / Pulmonary function impairment in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (LPF) is the most frequent of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. The most sensitive lung function test for its diagnosis is a low DLCO register. Objective: To analyze LPF's clinical features and to establish its functional disability by DLCO at the time of diagnosis and also to correlate DLCO with 6-minute walked distance test (DR6), saturation pre and post DR6 and force a vital capacity (FVC). Methods: We studied retrospective data from 31 patients with LPF, analyzing personal and family history. We also determined pulmonary function parameters: DLCO (stratified in 4 groups: normal, mild, moderate and severe impairment), FVC, DR6 with pre and post oxygen saturation. Functional impairment according to DLCO was severe in 7patients and moderate in 19 out of the 31 patients. Results: An inverse association was observed between DLCO impairment and oxygen saturation levéis in rest, exercise and the difference between them (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Oxygen saturation level in exercise and rest, as well as the difference between them, have a good correlation with DLCO for LPF diagnosis.

La fibrosis pulmonar idiopática (FPL) es la más común de las neumonías intersticiales idiopáticas. De los exámenes de función pulmonar, la DLCO es la más sensible para su diagnóstico. Objetivo: Revisar las características de los pacientes con FPL y determinar su compromiso funcional según DLCO. Correlacionar la DLCO con el test de caminata de 6 minutos (DR6), saturación pre y post DR6 y CVF. Método: Estudio retrospectivo de 31 pacientes con FPL, se analizó antecedentes clínicos, familiares e índices de función pulmonar: DLCO (estratificada en normal, disminución leve, moderada y severa), CVF, DR6 y Sa0(2) antes y después de DR6. Resultados: El compromiso funcional observado según DLCO fue grave en 7 pacientes y moderado en 19. Hubo asociación inversa entre gravedad según DLCO, saturación en reposo y en ejercicio y con la diferencia de saturación en reposo y ejercicio (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La saturación de oxígeno en reposo y ejercicio, así como la diferencia entre ellas, tuvieron buena correlación con DLCO para el diagnóstico de FPL.